Whether at home or school, disagreements between adults and teens are inevitable. While it’s normal (and even healthy!) to have differing opinions, friendly debate, or divergent perspectives, sometimes these interactions turn negative. A conversation can quickly become an ugly argument, and before you know it, you’ve found yourself locked in a power struggle.
The Power Tug of War
Power struggles are problematic because they represent a form of debate with no winner. The most common metaphor for the power struggle is a game of tug of war. Once you have “picked up the rope,” you’ve found yourself in a battle with two potential outcomes, neither of which is positive.
If you find yourself locked in a power struggle with a teen, and you ultimately win, then you’ve really lost: You’ve lost your relationship with that teen, the positive rapport you have with them, and the potential for learning. On the flip side, if you “pick up the rope,” get into a battle, and lose, you’ve also left yourself vulnerable to a slew of negative outcomes: You were outsmarted and lost your credibility as an authority figure.
Familiar Power Struggles
In my work as a Residential Educator at Rock Point School, common opportunities for power struggles include technology and students’ off-campus privileges. Rock Point sets boundaries in these areas for the health and safety of students. However, students are not always in agreement with the limits that are set. Other times, students are upset when they do not earn access to these privileges.
Moments like these are ideal opportunities to reflect with students about why we set firm boundaries and how they can achieve their goals in the future. Rather than engaging in battle, I work around power struggles by giving students ample time and space to cool off before having conversations in a quiet place. I avoid arguments by helping them identify what they actually want from the situation. In most cases, students’ goals (e.g. more time downtown; an extra hour to watch a movie) can be achieved by making a plan for the coming week and seeing it through with the help of staff.
Four Familiar Conflict Patterns
While there are common conflict patterns at RPS, it can be helpful to identify the root of your power struggles at home, work, school, and beyond. Power struggles can be about anything and each one may come with its own emotional baggage. Here are four types of power struggles, as outlined by the Crisis Prevention Institute:
- Defending One’s Authority or Credibility: These are power struggles that involve defending your authority or credibility. Think of statements like, "You can’t tell me what to do!" or "I don't want to hear what you think as a nurse. I want to talk to the doctor." Typically, most people respond to this kind of challenge by taking defensive physical action (e.g., tone of voice, body language), which makes it even more obvious that a standoff is about to occur.
- Personal Button Pushing: “When the person we are struggling with knows us well, they probably have a sense of how to engage in behavior that gets under our skin and pushes our buttons. They may engage in this behavior until they get the kind of reaction they seek, which is for their opponent to feel uncomfortable and back down.” Here, we should take a moment and identify what pushes our buttons and how we can rationally detach from them. It is easier to maintain composure when we can emotionally separate ourselves from the insults someone is throwing our way.
- Past History or Irrelevant Issues: Two people who have a history of struggling for the upper hand often keep something like a mental scorecard in mind. This can look like keeping track of past slights, and combining them into a collective, long term grudge against the other person. Over time, this type of mindset may result in loaded power struggles that represent multiple events, rather than the present problem.
- Making Empty Threats and Ultimatums: The anger stirred up by a confrontation during a struggle may not bring out the best in you or your teenager--it’s easy to get caught up in the moment. The strength of our emotions may lead us to state consequences using phrases like, ‘Don't do this, or else!’ or ‘You need to do this because I said so.’ Often, teenagers see this as an invitation to see if the threats are really true. Over time, these kinds of power struggles can lead to a breakdown in trust between individuals.
How to Avoid Power Struggles
So, how can we avoid these power struggles?
1 > The first step: Don’t pick up the rope. Our best defense against power struggles is to make sure they don’t come to fruition, by never engaging in the tug of war in the first place. This can be done in a number of ways:
2 > Ask, are all parties calm, cool, and collected? With emotions running high, sometimes the best defense against a power struggle is to delay any conversations until everyone is ready to talk. It takes two to have a struggle, so this is likely the time to take some deep breaths, go for a walk, or spend time in separate rooms.
3 > Next, consider the heart of the argument. Is everyone operating under the same assumptions? Does everyone have the same info? Is one person assuming the worst of another? Are you on the “same team?” By looking for opportunities rather than the worst in a situation, we can often get back on the same page as our opponent. Is it much easier to establish that each party has “different preferences,” rather than insisting one person is “right” and the other is “wrong.”
This may mean having deeper conversations: What is the purpose behind a Saturday night curfew? Is there a reason a raise in allowance isn’t feasible right now? Explaining the reasoning behind decisions and finding common ground is the key to relieving the stress and pressure that both parties feel in a power struggle.
4 > Finally, you may need to do some digging. Are power struggles a common occurrence? As LCSW, Robert Taibbi put it in his 2019 article, “Butting Heads: How to Stop Power Struggles,”
“When problems take on the fight-to-the-death quality, it is often because the issue is a garbage can for all kinds of other problems in the relationship that have not been addressed.”
Underlying, unspoken, and unsolved problems mingle with hurt feelings about being dismissed or micromanaged and these feelings stick around. Suddenly, you have the perfect recipe for explosive arguments that are about so much more than who emptied the dishwasher last or who’s going to set the table.
Proactive Prevention
While disagreements between adults and teens are inevitable, they need not become negative win-lose power struggles. Clearly communicating the reasoning behind boundaries and proactive prevention can sustain your authority as an adult while supporting a teen’s need for emotional autonomy.
Sources:
The Crisis Prevention Institute: “How to Avoid Power Struggles” by Pam Sikorski & Terry Vitone
Psychology Today: “Butting Heads: How to Stop Power Struggles” by Robert Taibbi LCSW